What
can the NHS do to help victims of coronavirus as the UK goes in to
so-called lockdown?
Indeed
what can the rest of the world do to help people while scientists try
to come up with a vaccine?
Is
it all really, isolation, face masks, panic buying, collapsing
currencies and ravaged businesses … or is there some hope for the
future?
Here
the Preservation Society takes a look at what the near future
hopefully has for us… there are waiting in the medical background
experimental drugs and some tried and testied ones:
Drugs
for HIV ,
rheumatoid arthritis, malaria, the flu and Ebola are
serious contenders and are believed to be going through tests right
now.
However,
the government has refused to confirm if any are being tested on the
2,626 coronavirus patients in the UK – the NHS advises anyone with
troublesome symptoms to take paracetamol and rest at home.
Chloroquine
phosphate (Malaria)
Doctors
are fighting the coronavirus outbreak is chloroquine phosphate, an
anti-malarial medication. The drug – sold under the brand name
Arlan – kills malaria stopping the tropical disease in its tracks.
Tests
of the drug show it has potential in fighting the life-threatening
virus.
Experts
at the University of Palermo in Italy, as well as a team in Israel,
collated the research on the drug in treating the coronavirus.
In
their report, they claimed officials in the Netherlands already
suggest treating critically-ill patients with the drug.
It
is cheap and relatively easy to manufacture.
Hydroxychloroquine
(Malaria)
Chinese
scientists investigating the other form of chloroquine wrote a
letter to a prestigious journal saying its ‘less toxic’ derivative
may also help.
Drug
giant Sanofi carried out a study on 24 patients, which the French
government described as ‘promising’.
French
health officials are now planning on a larger trial of the drug,
which is used on the NHS to treat lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
as well as malaria.
Lopinavir/ritonavir
(HIV)
Lopinavir/ritonavir,
marketed as Kaletra and Aluvia, is an anti-HIV medicine.
The
drug has shown promise as a way of tackling coronavirus, scientists
say, because it is able to bind to the outside of the coronavirus.
It
is a class of drug called a protease inhibitor, which essentially
stick to an enzyme on a virus which is vital to the virus
reproducing. By doing this it blocks the process the virus would
normally use to clone itself and spread the infection further.
The
drug is available on the NHS and was prescribed around 1,400 times in
2018, either as Kaletra or ritonavir on its own.
Favipiravir
(flu)
Favipiravir
is the active ingredient in flu drug Avigan which is sold in Japan.
Doctors
in China have claimed it was ‘clearly effective’ in patients with the
coronavirus after they gave it to 80 people in the cities of Wuhan
and Shenzen.
They
said it sped up patients’ recovery, reduced lung damage and did not
cause any obvious side effects. It is also used to treat yellow fever
and foot-and-mouth.
It
is not used by the NHS.
Remdesivir
(Ebola)
Remdesivir
is an anti-viral drug that works in essentially the same way as
favipiravir – by crippling the RNA polymerase enzyme, stopping a
virus from reproducing.
It
was developed around 10 years ago by the pharmaceutical company
Gilead Sciences with the intention of it destroying the Ebola virus.
It was pushed aside, however, when other, better candidates emerged.
Remdesivir
is not prescribed on the NHS.
Sarilumab
(Rheumatoid arthritis)
Sarilumab,
a rheumatoid arthritis drug which is marketed as Kevzara and is
available to be prescribed on the NHS, is to be trialled on patients
in the US.
Pharmaceutical
companies Sanofi and Regeneron plan to give the medication to people
with the coronavirus to see if it can help calm their immune
response. The drug works by blocking part of the immune system which
can cause inflammation, or swelling, which is overactive in people
with rheumatoid arthritis.